Study cases
Study cases



| Country and procedure description | Preparation of contract (Export from NPL to CHN/Vegetable ghee) |
|---|---|
| Actors & participants | - Importer/agent
- Exporter |
| Input and criteria to enter or begin the business process | Trade terms have been finalized |
| Activities and associated documentary requirements | 1. When the trade terms have been finalized, the exporter prepares and signs the contract and usually sends it to the importer, through the importer's agent, for signing. 2. In some cases, the importer's agent signs the contract on behalf of the importer. 3. After the contract has been signed, the documents are exchanged between the exporter and importer. |
| Number of documents required | 7 |
| Mininum time required | 2.00 |
| Average time required | 2.50 |
| Maximum time required | 3.00 |
| Average cost | 2.77 USD |
| Country and procedure description | Conclude contract and trade terms/Buy (Export from NPL to CHN/Vegetable ghee) |
|---|---|
| Actors & participants | - Importer/agent
- Exporter |
| Activities and associated documentary requirements | 1. For most exports to China, the exporter contacts the importer's agent (in China), but in the case of exports of vegetable ghee to China, importers’ agents from China visit exporting firms and establish the contact. 2. Then the exporter and the importer's agent discuss the trade terms. Sometimes the importer's agent visits the factory before entering into trade contract in order to be assured of the production capacity of the exporter. |
| Activity diagram |
| Country and procedure description | Lab testing (Export from NPL to CHN/Vegetable ghee) |
|---|---|
| Actors & participants | - Exporter or representative
- Laboratory |
| Activities and associated documentary requirements | 1. The exporting company sends a sample of the product to a laboratory established by the Government of Nepal. 2. After completing the quality test, the laboratory issues a quality assurance certificate to the exporter. |
| Activity diagram | |
| Number of documents required | 2 |
| Average time required | 3.00 |
| Average cost | 9.71 USD |
| Country and procedure description | Arrange transport (shipping) (Export from NPL to CHN/Vegetable ghee) |
|---|---|
| Actors & participants | - Exporter/representative
- Transport company/carrying agency
- Custom |
| Activities and associated documentary requirements | 1. The exporter contacts a transport company/operator and negotiates the cost of the freight. 2. The process for transporting the goods to the customs point in Kodari is similar to the process described in the previous section about transporting goods to the Nepal-India border. |
| Activity diagram | |
| Number of documents required | 7 |
| Average time required | 1.00 |
| Average cost | 589.9 USD |
| Country and procedure description | Obtain cargo insurance (Export from NPL to CHN/Vegetable ghee) |
|---|---|
| Actors & participants | - Exporter
- Insurance Company |
| Activities and associated documentary requirements | 1. The exporter buys an insurance policy to cover such risks, unless it is specified in the contract between the exporter and importer that the responsibility for insurance lies with the importer. 2. To buy a cargo insurance policy, the exporter submits an application to an insurance company along with the commercial invoice, transport contract, evidence of payment and packing list. 3. The insurance company examines the documents and, if satisfied, requests the exporter to pay the insurance premium. 4. After receiving the premium the insurance company issues an insurance policy to the exporter. |
| Activity diagram | |
| Number of documents required | 5 |
| Average time required | 1.00 |
| Average cost | 57.33 USD @0.27 percent at valorem |
| Country and procedure description | Provide certification of origin (COO) (Export from NPL to CHN/Vegetable ghee) |
|---|---|
| Actors & participants | - Exporter
- District Chamber of Commerce |
| Activities and associated documentary requirements | 1. The exporter submits an application with the required documents (contract document, evidence of payment, Quota Certificate and passbook, Value Added Certificate, PAN/VAT Certificate and Industry Registration Certificate) and, after verifying the submitted documents, the District Chamber Office personnel informs the exporter to pay the fee for the COO. Upon receipt of the fee, the District Chamber Office issues the COO. |
| Activity diagram | |
| Number of documents required | 5 |
| Average time required | 1.00 |
| Average cost | 25.48 USD @ 0.12 percent at valorem |
| Country and procedure description | Prepare export documents (Export from NPL to CHN/Vegetable ghee) |
|---|---|
| Actors & participants | - Exporter
- Importer |
| Activities and associated documentary requirements | 1. The exporting company collects and compiles all the required documents from the concerned agencies. After this, the exporting firm informs the importer's agent about the status of the cargo. 2. The exporting firm appoints a clearing agent for clearing of goods at the Tatopani customs border. The exporting firm provides the agent with an appointment letter and hands over the required documents. |
| Activity diagram | |
| Number of documents required | 8 |
| Average time required | 1.00 |
| Average cost | 138.79 USD (fee for agent) |
| Country and procedure description | Customs clearance at port/border (Export from NPL to CHN/Vegetable ghee) |
|---|---|
| Actors & participants | - Exporter/representative
- Custom
- Transport company |
| Activities and associated documentary requirements | 1. To clear customs, the exporter's agent completes the export declaration form and submits it to the customs office along with the required documents. These documents include a copy of Company Registration Certificate, a copy of the VAT/PAN Registration Certificate, a Foreign Currency Declaration Form, a Flow Chart of Production, the sales contract, the COO, the VAT/Bill, the export invoice, the appointment letter of the agent, evidence of payment, the quality assurance certificate, the packing list and the product description document. 2. The customs office personnel examine the documents and, if satisfied, issue an order to park the truck at a designated area for inspection. 3. After inspection of the cargo, if there is no problem with the goods, the customs official signs the Customs Declaration Form and records the quantity and value of goods. 4. The signed copies of the Customs Declaration Form and the Foreign Currency Declaration Form are collected by the exporter's agent. |
| Activity diagram | |
| Number of documents required | 14 |
| Mininum time required | 1.00 |
| Average time required | 1.50 |
| Maximum time required | 2.00 |
| Average cost | 9.41 USD |
Study cases

| Country and procedure description | Buy/Conclude contract and trade terms (Import to NPL from IND/Textiles) |
|---|---|
| Actors & participants | - Importer
-Exporter/Representative |
| Input and criteria to enter or begin the business process | -Buyer looks to purchase textiles from Indian sellers, and begins to narrow down supplier by the supplier providing the buyer with samples & price quotes |
| Activities and associated documentary requirements | 1. Collection of samples and prices The importer contacts exporters or exporters’ agents in India to collect samples. Business contracts for importing textiles from India are normally arranged through agents. Exporter's agents visit Nepalese importers with samples of their textiles and price quotations. 2.Selection of goods and negotiation of trade terms Nepalese importers enter into negotiation with the exporter's agents then fix the terms of trade and finalize a deal. 3. Sign and exchange contract documents Once the trade terms are finalized, the exporter prepares and signs the contract and sends it to the importer (through a courier or the exporter's agent) for signing. After signing by the importer the contract documents are exchanged and the importer arranges the 50 per cent advance payment. . Documents: Proforma Invoice Purchase Order Contract Documents |
| Output criteria to exit the business process | -Accepted terms of trader by the importer and exporter |
| Activity diagram | |
| Number of documents required | 3 |
| Average time required | 2.00 |
| Average cost | USD 2.77 (per truck) |
| Country and procedure description | Prepare/collect/endorse documents (Import to NPL from IND/Textiles) |
|---|---|
| Actors & participants | -Importer
-Exporter
-Government Trade Authority |
| Input and criteria to enter or begin the business process | -Importer and Exporter agree on trade terms and finalize contract |
| Activities and associated documentary requirements | 1.The importing firm collects the Firm Registration Certificate and PAN/VAT Certificate from the concerned government offices and the commercial invoice from the Indian exporter or agent. |
| Activity diagram | |
| Number of documents required | 3 |
| Average time required | 1.00 |
| Average cost | USD 2.77 |
| Country and procedure description | Advance payment (Import to NPL from IND/Textiles) |
|---|---|
| Actors & participants | -Importer
-Importer bank
-Exporter
-Exporter bank |
| Input and criteria to enter or begin the business process | -Exporter and Importer have already agreed into sales/ purchase terms of trade |
| Activities and associated documentary requirements | 1. For imports of textiles into Nepal from India, 50 per cent of the payment is made in advance (after signing the contract) and the remaining 50 per cent is paid after receiving the cargo. These payments are made through bank drafts. 2.To issue a bank draft in favour of an exporter, the Nepali importer approaches a Nepali bank with a performa invoice, the original contract and an application form. After checking the documents, the importer’s bank issues a draft in favour of the exporter. The importer then sends the bank draft to the exporter, who presents the bank draft to his/her bank in India and collects the money. |
| Output criteria to exit the business process | Exporter receives advance payment |
| Activity diagram | |
| Number of documents required | 5 |
| Average cost | 117.97 USD (Agent Fee) |
| Country and procedure description | Port clearance (Import to NPL from IND/Textiles) |
|---|---|
| Actors & participants | - Importer/agent
- Customs
- Transport company |
| Activities and associated documentary requirements | 1. For customs clearance at the India-Nepal (departure) border, the importer's agent submits the required documents, including the commercial invoice, packing list, truck chalan and export licence number (with the exporter’s stamp) 2. Customs personnel examine the documents and inspect the cargo 3. After completion of the inspection, customs records the quantity and value of the goods exported and permission is given to move or unload goods at the designated area 4. The importer's agent completes the import declaration form and submits it to the customs office along with the required documents 5. The customs official examines the documents and inspects the cargo. If satisfied, the quantity and value of the imports are recorded in the customs records 6. Then the importer's agent is asked to pay the charges 7. Once the charges have been paid, permission is given to move the goods. The transport operator then moves the cargo to the destination and the importer's agent collects the custom clearance form |
| Activity diagram | |
| Number of documents required | 11 |
| Mininum time required | 2.00 |
| Maximum time required | 4.00 |
| Average cost | 9.41 USD |
| Country and procedure description | Arrange transport (Import to NPL from IND/Textiles) |
|---|---|
| Actors & participants | - Importer/agent
- Transport company/carrying agent |
| Activities and associated documentary requirements | 1. The importer’s agent contacts a transport operator and negotiates the transport of the goods. 2. The goods are moved first from the Indian exporter’s warehouse to the exporter's customs point (India-Nepal border). After this, the goods are loaded into a different truck or container. 3. The required documents are handed over to the transport operator, who moves the cargo to the importer's (Nepal-India border) custom point. 4. The same transport operator may then carry the goods to the importer's warehouse. |
| Activity diagram | |
| Number of documents required | 3 |
| Average time required | 1.00 |
| Average cost | 187 USD |